... countries interested in trading actual bars outside the control of Western exchanges. This represents another step toward de-dollarization—transitioning to settlements in national currencies and reducing the dollar's role in global trade. In recent years, central banks of BRICS countries and several other states have been rapidly increasing their gold reserves, diversifying investments, and reducing the share of dollar-denominated assets. The development of a proprietary gold trading infrastructure complements ...

... stocks. All of these measures, according to experts, should be implemented in tandem: tax breaks and simplification procedures will be combined with an emphasis on privatization and educational initiatives targeting private investors. The regulator (the Central Bank and the FAS), along with state programs aimed at developing the financial market, can play a key role in realizing these initiatives. Investment Conclusions For institutional and private investors, the prospect of doubling the market by 2030 signals ...

... between XRP and the overall cryptocurrency market capitalization remains high: when the entire market is climbing, XRP typically rises as well. Moreover, the macroeconomic conditions in 2025 are more favorable for risk assets than in the previous year. Central banks, after a tightening cycle in 2022–2023, have shifted to a more neutral stance: inflation is under control, and rates have stabilized. For instance, the U.S. Federal Reserve may maintain rates or signal the beginning of cuts at its early May meeting,...

... the U.S. dollar has played a central role in the international economy. It has become the world's reserve currency, underpinning a significant portion of global trade and investments. Countries prefer the dollar for international transactions, while central banks hold significant portions of their reserves in dollars. The dollar's sustainable dominance is attributed to its high liquidity, stability, and the economic power of the United States. However, in recent years, its position has become less stable....

... take shape only in the late 2010s to early 2020s. Previously, such closed placements were accessible only to a narrow circle of large funds and wealthy investors. The mass involvement of private individuals required regulatory changes. In 2020, the Central Bank allowed non-qualified investors to participate in pre-IPO after passing a test (with a cap on investment amounts in the hundreds of thousands of rubles). Concurrently, several large financial companies launched specialized platforms for pre-IPO deals,...