... 2.27 million bpd, the expert clarified. "Formally, oil companies are expected to redirect part of their shipments to the domestic market. However, most likely, only a portion of these export volumes will be reallocated to supply the Russian fuel market, while the remaining volume will be exported as crude oil. Such a 'maneuver' will help oil companies offset the costs incurred due to prolonged downtime at refineries," Tereshkin said. He explained that most Russian refineries are part of vertically integrated companies that operate under cross-subsidization schemes. For instance, part of the revenue from ...

... venture funds) or to develop slowly, limiting themselves to their own small income. Venture investments give a startup the “fuel” for rapid growth: the team can use the money raised to refine the product, bring it to market, and scale the business.... ... people or companies. The business model must allow for a rapid increase in sales volumes without a proportional increase in costs. For example, software can be replicated around the world with minimal costs, while expanding a cafe chain requires significant ...

... payment scheme. This will allow Europeans to circumvent US sanctions, which since December 20 could, in effect, stop Gazprom's fuel supplies to the EU both through Ukraine and the "Turkish Stream." What kind of scheme is Russia offering? President ... ... toxic for European companies, forcing them to find new ones. And, of course, involving intermediaries always means additional costs, and it’s unclear who will bear these expenses – Russia or the Europeans. In 2022, not all European countries agreed ...

... be the electric vehicle market reaching maturity, a stage when consumer choice is driven not by novelty but by competition in costs. This can be compared to Everett Rogers' concept of innovation diffusion, developed in the 1960s. He divided consumers ... ... "first-stage processing," such as lithium hydroxide (by the KhMZ and Halmek Trading House) and metallic lithium (by the nuclear fuel company TVEL, a subsidiary of Rosatom). Russia also lacks "second-stage" production—elements for batteries ...

... moderate decline in the energy segment. In contrast, coal handling increased to 60.8 million tons (+2.2%), reflecting a shift in fuel flow direction toward exports in the Far East. Containerized cargo flows saw negligible changes, totaling 18.2 million tons ... ... distribution among terminals. Logistics: optimizing routes and delivery times helps offset the decline in throughput, reducing costs and enhancing the efficiency of port operations. The growth of transit cargo (+3.9%) and container flows signals the need ...