... investors and is not obligated to publish full financial reports. During the IPO, the company is required to provide complete information about its financial activities, risks, corporate structure, and other aspects, significantly increasing transparency. Risks for Investors Participation in Pre-IPO comes with higher risks, as the company has not yet completed the public offering process, and information about it may be limited. There is also a possibility that the IPO may not occur or will be postponed. IPO represents ...

... traditional financial instruments. The main risks associated with cryptocurrency can be categorized into several areas: High price volatility. The price of Bitcoin and other coins can drop sharply within days. Such unpredictability signifies significant loss risk: an investor can lose a substantial part of their capital due to unfavorable market movements. Lack of guarantees and regulation. Cryptocurrencies are not regulated by the government as bank deposits or securities. If a wallet is hacked or an exchange goes ...

From 2025, foreign securities will be available only to qualified investors in Russia. This step by the Central Bank is aimed at protecting unqualified investors from the risks associated with foreign assets, but will also limit opportunities for diversification and protecting savings from inflation. In this article, we analyze how the new rules will affect retail investors, their access to foreign markets, and the future ...

... consistent growth indicates that the company is performing well and may be an attractive investment opportunity. Profitability and debt levels: a high level of profitability along with manageable debt creates a solid foundation for growth and reduces risks for investors. 2. Purpose of the IPO: Cash-In or Cash-Out Strategy The strategy employed by the company—Cash-In or Cash-Out—can reveal much about its future plans. In the Cash-In scenario, the funds raised are directed towards business expansion and development,...

... sharp price increase, while the latter view the new issuance as a means of diversifying their portfolios. In this article, we will examine the history of the primary issuance market, the stages of preparing a company for an IPO, the main advantages and risks for investors, methods for analyzing promising IPOs, and practical advice for those just beginning to explore this instrument. The History of IPOs The earliest prototypes of modern IPOs appeared in the early 17th century. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company ...