... informing the public about the work of government structures. 3. International cooperation: UN Convention against Corruption: an international legal instrument for combating corruption. Exchange of information between law enforcement agencies of different ... ... in the fight against transnational corruption. Joint investigations of cross-border corruption schemes: pooling resources and experience of different countries. Mutual legal assistance in criminal cases: assistance in the investigation and prosecution ...

... advisor, it's important to consider their experience and qualifications. Pay attention to the following aspects: Professional Certifications and Licenses. A qualified advisor should possess certifications that validate their expertise. This may include international qualifications such as CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst), CFP (Certified Financial Planner), or their equivalents in your country. Experience in the Financial Sector. It's essential that the advisor has practical experience working with clients in various economic conditions, not just theoretical knowledge. Inquire about how many years they have been in consultation and what types ...

... interest rates, and the increased attractiveness of pre-IPO for promising companies under conditions of limited demand for conventional IPOs. Thus, the Russian pre-IPO market can be characterized as a young but rapidly evolving segment, influenced by international practices and local market conditions (sanctions, devaluation, and a tight monetary policy). Technological companies, manufacturers, and others are beginning to use pre-IPO as a development tool, mirroring the experiences of their foreign counterparts. Stages and Mechanisms of Investing in Pre-IPO Investing in pre-IPO begins with the search for interesting companies on private platforms or through brokers dealing with closed placements. Access to such transactions ...

... small, and increases them by ~5% annually. Qualitative aspects: the management has a good reputation, the CEO has many years of experience, the company is actively implementing IT solutions to increase sales. In general, the fundamental picture of the company ... ... national currency. Political events also play a major role in the currency market. Elections, changes in government, referendums, international agreements or conflicts – all of this can cause fluctuations in rates, as it affects investors' confidence in ...

... explained by the lower share of public companies in the Russian economy, with many firms preferring private funding or loans. Nevertheless, due to integration with global markets and the increasing demand for capital, SPOs are becoming more widespread. International experience suggests that as financial markets develop, the share of additional offerings will grow. For comparison, in major economies, every third IPO company eventually conducts at least one follow-on offering to support growth. In Russia, such data ...