... term). These are relatively low-risk securities (guaranteed by the state) with high liquidity. Investors receive coupon income (usually paid semiannually) and can also profit from price appreciation. Coupons and price differences are subject to a 13% income tax. Corporate Bonds. Bonds of large companies yield an average of 10–20% per annum. Higher returns are associated with greater credit risk: companies may delay payments or go bankrupt. The liquidity of such securities depends on the issuer (higher ...

... taxation practices closer to international standards. Unified Tax Base for Securities and Digital Assets Income from operations with digital assets will be included in the general income base alongside income from securities transactions, with a personal income tax (PIT) rate capped at 15%. This allows for a unified approach to taxing various types of income while promoting transparency in cryptocurrency operations. Reporting Requirements for Mining Infrastructure Operators Operators providing infrastructure ...

... income for regional budgets: 74.9% of the excise tax revenue on gasoline and diesel goes to Russian regions. In fact, the current indexing of prices is one of the ways to support regional budgets, which may face difficulties due to losses from corporate income tax. According to Rosstat data, the balance of profits and losses for wholesale and retail trade enterprises in the first four months of 2024 decreased by 51.7% compared to the same period in 2023, reaching 466.2 billion rubles (trade is one of the largest ...

... profits from cryptocurrency transactions, like any other income, is subject to taxation. In Russia, as of the writing of this article, there is no separate tax on cryptocurrency, but profits from its sale are considered personal income. Consequently, income tax (personal income tax) applies to this amount. The income tax rate is typically 13% in most cases. For very high incomes, it increases to 15%. It is important to correctly calculate the taxable base. For example, if you bought Bitcoin for 1 million ...

... million rubles). They provide fixed profits that are understandable even to beginners. Disadvantages: The real return is low—barely exceeding the inflation rate (around 9.5% in 2024). If withdrawn early, the bank pays less interest. Taxes: Personal Income Tax (PIT) (13%) is paid only on income exceeding approximately 210,000 rubles annually. Government and Corporate Bonds Profitability: Federal bonds (OFZ) are the most conservative option. Short-term OFZ yields about 17-19% per annum. Corporate bonds from ...