... opportunity to sell your shares or options in the future. It is important to provide ways to exit the investments if the project does not develop as expected. Preferential Terms for Early Investors. Find out if there are privileges for early investors (e.g., buyback guarantees at the time of company sale or special conditions during an IPO). 5. Portfolio Approach and Diversification A portfolio investment approach is an effective way to reduce risks: Invest in Multiple Startups. Do not invest all your funds ...

... used for global expansion, developing new products or acquiring competitors. Exit The final stage where venture capitalists receive a return on their investment. This may happen through an IPO, sale of the company to a larger corporation or a share buyback. Startup example: Open Oil Market The startup Open Oil Market is an innovative platform in the oil products trading sector, which aims to make the market more transparent and efficient. The company connects suppliers and buyers of fuel, offering ...

... specifics of the business and can offer a more accurate valuation. 4. Underwriting Terms If a company wants to minimize risks, it should pay attention to the underwriting terms offered by underwriters. Some underwriters are willing to take on more share buyback obligations, which can increase the company's confidence in the success of the placement. Types of Underwriters 1. Investment banks and brokers in Russia Large Russian brokers such as FINAM, BCS and Alfa-Bank often act as underwriters in local ...

... half of the year. In this context, hedge funds apparently do not anticipate breakthrough growth from Apple in the near future. Nonetheless, the company is investing in new directions (e.g., augmented reality devices), and a substantial cash reserve and buybacks support the fundamental attractiveness of the stock. Institutional investors valued Apple more highly than others – notably, its shares reached an all-time high in 2025 – yet even here positions were reduced due to the overall overheating ...

... of England raised rates to their highest levels in recent years. The bank's loan portfolio remains of high quality: the level of overdue debts increased slightly but remains under control. Strong profitability allowed NatWest to announce a new share buyback worth £1 billion, signaling excess capital and management’s confidence in future cash flows. These news supported NatWest stock and generally reinforced trust in the stability of the UK banking sector. Eni S.p.A. – Italian oil and gas giant ...