... the company's shares. This is especially important for large IPOs, which require a significant amount of funds raised. 3. Experience in certain sectors Some underwriters specialize in certain industries, such as technology, energy or pharmaceuticals. Companies in these sectors may benefit from working with underwriters who understand the specifics of the business and can offer a more accurate valuation. 4. Underwriting Terms If a company wants to minimize risks, it should pay attention to the underwriting terms offered by underwriters. Some underwriters are willing to take on more share buyback obligations, which can increase the company's confidence in the success of the placement. Types of Underwriters 1. Investment ...

... a pre-IPO gives investors the opportunity to purchase company shares at a price lower than that set at the IPO stage. This creates incentives for long-term investment and forms a group of loyal shareholders who are ready to support the company after it goes public. How do companies prepare for a pre-IPO in Russia? In Russia, the process of preparing for a pre-IPO has its own characteristics related to national legislation, the economic environment and specific requirements of the stock market. The main steps that companies ...

... Russian Market Lukoil: The large Russian oil company redomiciled its foreign subsidiaries in 2022, bringing them under Russian jurisdiction to mitigate sanctions risks and maintain access to assets. Finam Investment Company: One of the leading investment companies transferred part of its business to friendly countries to ensure uninterrupted access to international markets. Rosneft: The company redomiciled several of its subsidiaries that were previously registered in Europe to Russia to minimize the impact of sanctions. Advantages ...

... restrictions can lead to negative consequences and penalties. Many Russian companies have a dividend policy that determines what percentage of profits is allocated for dividend payouts. Some investors prefer to invest in dividend stocks—securities from large companies that regularly pay substantial dividends, thus increasing shareholder income. The size of dividends directly depends on financial results: the more profit the business generates, the larger the income its shareholders can receive.

... a savvy approach to pre-IPO can serve as an additional driver for capital growth alongside traditional investments. The pre-IPO market in Russia is in its formative stages but already demonstrates a significant role in the investment ecosystem. For companies, it serves as a fast way to raise capital before an IPO, while for investors, it offers a chance to enter successful projects on the cusp of their public growth. Amid changing economic environments and a limited number of IPOs, pre-IPO transactions provide ...