... develops successfully. Portfolio Diversification: The emergence of new issuers allows investors to expand their assets across different sectors. Access to Innovative Projects: IPOs are often conducted by companies with innovative products and services. Risks: Market Volatility: The first months after an IPO may be accompanied by significant fluctuations in stock prices. Lack of Stable Profitability: Some companies at the IPO stage may not yet have achieved sustainable profitability. Geopolitical Instability: Sanctions and restrictions may reduce interest ...

... list their shares on the stock exchange. They are responsible for preparing the company for the IPO, including conducting a marketing campaign, setting the offering price, and selling shares to investors. Underwriters play a key role in organizing an IPO, as they provide a link between the company and investors, help minimize risks, and maximize the capital raised. Underwriters are usually paid a commission, which is a certain percentage of the amount of funds raised. Key Functions of Underwriters in an IPO 1. Valuing the Company and Setting the Share Price Underwriters conduct ...

... is especially important to avoid problems with the withdrawal of funds and trading. Choosing a broker for participation in an IPO is becoming more difficult in the context of sanctions and limited access to the Russian market. By considering factors such ... ... in a syndicate, access to exchanges, commissions and analytical support, investors can choose a reliable partner and minimize risks. The approach to choosing a broker should be thorough in order to extract maximum benefit from participation in initial ...

... crucial. Transparency in financial indicators signifies the company's reliability to investors. Long-term Financial Planning: An IPO necessitates a clear understanding of how the raised funds will be utilized. A transparent financial strategy allows investors ... ... priority on transparency and management systems. A board of directors with independent members can enhance investor confidence. Risk Management and Control Systems: The company should implement a comprehensive risk management structure that addresses both ...

... cannot be sold quickly on the exchange, and an investor may find themselves "frozen" for an indefinite period. Often, one has to wait for the IPO to occur or seek private buyers through the secondary market. Changes in company plans. There are risks that the IPO plans may be revised. A company might delay or entirely abandon its IPO for various reasons (economic, strategic, regulatory). This denies the investor the anticipated premium associated with public status and may force them to hold onto their stake ...