... it can be reversed to pump gas to Moldova,” the expert concludes. Creating an Istanbul Gas Index will be difficult because the trading volumes will be insignificant. As a result, the Turkish gas hub will mainly trade gas surpluses from Russia, Azerbaijan, or the LNG market, according to the expert. However, Turkey has long-term goals for the hub, in addition to seeking discounts on Russian gas. “The creation of the gas trading center is linked to increasing Turkey’s role as a 'transit' ...

....05 million barrels per day) by approximately 140,000 barrels. Similar quota breaches were observed in June among several other major producers, including Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, and Kuwait. Meanwhile, some participants in the agreement (such as Azerbaijan and Nigeria) did not reach their limits. Since April 2025, the OPEC+ alliance has been increasing the total production limit monthly (by 411,000 barrels per day from April to July), and quotas will be raised by 548,000 barrels per day starting ...

... in June, exceeding the established quota (9.05 million) by approximately 140,000 barrels. Similar quota exceedances have been recorded among other major producers — Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, and Kuwait — while some members (such as Nigeria and Azerbaijan) remain below their limits. From April to July 2025, OPEC+ quotas were raised monthly by 411,000 barrels per day, and from August of the following year, quotas will increase by 548,000 barrels per day. Additionally, signals of potential supply ...