... registration. This stage can take several weeks due to document examination. The regulator checks the completeness and accuracy of the disclosed information. Selection of underwriters and advisors. As in IPOs, the company may hire underwriters - investment banks that help organize the offering. Underwriters may guarantee the repurchase of part or all of the offering at a pre-agreed price (guaranteed subscription). In Russian practice, the participation of underwriters is not mandatory but is often present in large transactions. They analyze demand, advise on price and volume, and coordinate interaction with investors. Marketing and presentations (road-show). After ...

... inflation and sanctions can restrain household spending, considered an important macro factor. Investors should consider that if the Russian economy slows down overall, sector growth may proceed at a less rapid pace, and profit expectations in the initial years ... ... “drop” in quotes immediately after placement: initially, they tend toward speculative exits, as evidenced by analysis from the Bank of Russia. In forming demand for the issuer's shares, analysts highlight two factors: the presence of a recognizable brand ...

... to the indicative Brent price to retain the Indian market. In effect, Russia is compelled to offer India even cheaper oil in a bid to maintain its share in this key Asian segment. For New Delhi, this represents a significant advantage: India's state bank estimates that a complete abandonment of Russian imports would cost the economy about $9 billion in the current fiscal year and up to $12 billion in the next. Such a high price for sanction loyalty forces Indian leadership to maintain cooperation with Moscow. In protest against external pressure,...

... how Russia's largest retailer is modernizing its retail networks, expanding online services, and implementing environmental initiatives to strengthen its market position and ensure revenue growth. Where Does X5 Group Invest? X5 Group is a leading Russian retailer managing well-known retail chains such as "Pyaterochka," "Perekrestok," and "Chizhik." The company holds a dominant position in both offline and online retail, actively developing banking and logistics services. X5 Retail Group Sector: Retail Investments for 2023: 135.5 billion rubles Investments for 2022: 79.2 billion rubles Key Investment Areas: Store Expansion: "Pyaterochka" and "Perekrestok": Opening new ...

... and government measures aimed at stabilizing the economy. Optimizing portfolios with a focus on resilient assets, high-yield bonds, and protective instruments can help navigate the current economic challenges and minimize risks. As long as the central bank maintains a high key rate, investors in Russian assets should balance the prospects for high interest yields with the risks associated with domestic demand and inflation.