... financial data about the purchaser. Advantages Investing in Depositary Receipts offers several advantages: Simplicity. Investors can easily invest in the shares of foreign enterprises without facing restrictions on the acquisition of the documents. Income. Investors can place funds into companies with high yield potential, thereby significantly growing capital in a short time frame. Price Difference. The cost of shares acquired via a receipt is generally lower than on the traditional securities ...

... specific bond issue, several important parameters must be considered. First and foremost is yield. There is current yield, which indicates the percentage you will receive in a year from the invested amount, and there is yield to maturity—the annual income if you hold the bond to the date of nominal return. It is also worth looking at the size of the coupon (fixed percentage in rubles) and the frequency of payments (every 91, 182 days, or annually), as well as the nominal value—the amount the investor ...

... exchange rate. The depreciation of the ruble against foreign currencies increases the cost of imported components. In the automotive industry, where the share of imported parts remains high, this leads to an increase in the production cost of vehicles. Low income levels. In recent years, the growth of the population's income has been weak, and amid inflation, consumers are approaching large purchases more cautiously. A car is a significant expense, and people tend to postpone such expenditures. Impact on ...

Classification by issuers, liquidity, and type of income. Globally, including in Russia, bonds are issued by various entities. Depending on the issuer, bonds can be categorized into federal bonds, sub-federal bonds, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. In terms of liquidity, based on popular credit ...

... account for about 20% of fuel costs, so the 4% increase will lead to a price rise of about 1% at gas stations. Sergey Tereshkin, CEO of the fuel and raw materials marketplace OPEN OIL MARKET, emphasizes that excise taxes are a significant source of income for regional budgets, and their indexation is aimed at supporting regions that may face financial difficulties. Starting in 2025, excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel (DF) will increase by the expected inflation rate. The law was signed by ...