Pre-IPO and IPO procedures are critical stages in the development of a company that plans to go public and raise capital. However, despite the common goal of attracting investments, these processes have significant differences that are important for both companies and investors to understand. In this article, I, Sergey Teryoshkin, will explain what Pre-IPO and IPO ...

... long-term investors. The slight slowdown in the growth rate of net profit can be primarily attributed to increased expenses – particularly the rise in provisions and tax contributions – which partially offset the strong growth in operating income. High Capital Profitability The bank maintains an impressive return on equity at around 23–24%. For 1H2025, ROE stood at 23.7%, only slightly differing from last year’s level, remaining one of the best indicators in the banking sector. This high profitability ...

... significant role in transforming the modern global economy. In just over a decade, they have evolved from a niche hobby for enthusiasts to a recognized asset class attracting the attention of major investors and corporations. By 2025, the total market capitalization of cryptocurrencies is measured in trillions of dollars, comparable to the valuations of the world’s largest companies. Digital currencies are used not only for speculative trading but increasingly as a means of savings and transactions....

Investing in securities is a popular method for growing capital. It has enabled some individuals to amass fortunes and secure a prosperous retirement. However, there are also those who have suffered significant losses. Investing in securities is a common method for capital appreciation. It has allowed some ...

... phenomenon raises both optimism among investors and concerns about market stability. Why Is Company Concentration on the Market Increasing? Tech Giants Continue to Dominate Companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and Nvidia are showing rapid capital growth, increasing their influence on the market. The development of artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, and digital services accelerates capital concentration in the tech sector. The Large Company Bubble Effect Since the 2008 crisis,...