... through which a company first offers its shares to the general public on the stock market. The goal of an IPO is to attract investment for business development, production... ... these companies saw their stock prices soar (by dozens or even hundreds of percent), fueling investor interest in new issuances. Following the dot-com crash, demand for... ... collapse of the USSR in the 1990s, the revival of the stock market began. Some large Russian companies conducted IPOs on foreign exchanges (in the U.S. and Europe), attracting...

... According to the Association of Maritime Trade Ports (ASOP), the total cargo traffic at Russian sea ports for the first four months of 2025 reached 280.7 million tons, representing... ... contrast, coal handling increased to 60.8 million tons (+2.2%), reflecting a shift in fuel flow direction toward exports in the Far East. Containerized cargo flows saw negligible... ... by 52.7% to 12.1 million tons. This decline is linked to shifts in the agricultural market and export restrictions, imposing additional pressures on the profitability of...

... by the end of the period. Thus, despite prices eating up part of the nominal gains, Russians should still see their purchasing power increase by a few percent each year... ... sector. Stronger consumer demand will also support GDP expansion, making the domestic market a key engine of growth – especially amid restrictions in external trade. Productivity... ... suffer. To maintain profitability, firms will need to either raise prices (further fueling inflation) or invest heavily in efficiency improvements. Many enterprises will...

... sector practice at Kept. Chinese partners' equity involvement ensures stable supplies of fuel and energy resources to China. For instance, in Novatek's Yamal LNG project, Chinese... ... Chinese companies over the past decade, according to Sergey Tereshkin, CEO of Open Oil Market. The Export-Import Bank of China and the China Development Bank financed the... ... of Chinese banks and investors, the project would have been unlikely to proceed, as Russian companies faced challenges accessing international markets after 2014, Tereshkin...

... to circumvent US sanctions, which since December 20 could, in effect, stop Gazprom's fuel supplies to the EU both through Ukraine and the "Turkish Stream." What... ... is no alternative method for payment. Meanwhile, the US is deliberately cutting off Russian gas supplies not from March 1 or April 1, 2025, when the heating season ends... ... against the Moscow Exchange, the currency exchange had to be moved to the interbank market, but the system continued to work. In 2022, European companies didn’t experience...