... market is relatively calm due to record filling of underground gas storage ahead of winter. Simultaneously, regulators and market participants are taking steps to maintain balance: from August 1, the OPEC+ alliance is commencing a planned increase in oil production to avoid supply shortages, while the U.S. Federal Reserve's decision to keep interest rates unchanged signals stability in macroeconomic conditions and supports investor optimism. In Russia, an export ban on gasoline remains in effect, aimed ...

... substantial growth in oil and gas revenues for the budget. By the end of the first seven months, these revenues increased by 62%, totaling 2.58 trillion rubles in absolute terms. Oil at the Core The primary driver was the growth in revenues from oil production taxes. Collections from the Mineral Extraction Tax (MET) on oil exceeded the combined revenues from MET on oil and export duties by 73%, amounting to an additional 2.54 trillion rubles. This year marked the completion of the tax maneuver,...

... include the closure of three factories and the potential dismissal of tens of thousands of employees, undoubtedly raise questions about the current and future state of the company. Why is Volkswagen Implementing Layoffs? Volkswagen's decision to cut production and close factories is likely tied to the need to optimize costs and adapt to new market realities. In an environment of economic instability and growing competition in the electric vehicle sector, Volkswagen, like many large enterprises, is ...

... stage, when a company is just starting to form. Investments usually come from the founders, their friends or family. The funds are used to develop an idea, create a prototype or conduct market research. Seed At this stage, a startup already has a basic product concept and is testing it. Venture capitalists or business angels can provide small investments to complete the development of the product and bring it to market. The funds are used for marketing, hiring a team and initial sales. Series A This ...

... some major markets. Colombian Mild Varietals (Arabica): Colombian coffee exports increased by 17.7%, reaching 1.05 million bags. Colombia, one of the largest suppliers of Arabica, ramped up shipments thanks to improved weather conditions, which boosted production volumes. The demand for mild varietals, known for their quality, has also contributed to price increases. Brazilian Natural Varietals: Brazil, the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, increased its shipments of natural varietals by ...