... seeking reliability and stability is bonds. Unlike deposits, they provide fixed income and allow for profit even in unstable economic conditions. Government Bonds (OFZ): A reliable instrument for those seeking stable investments. Government bonds have low risk, and their returns are often higher than bank deposits, especially in times of high key interest rates. Corporate Bonds: Suitable for investors willing to accept a small amount of risk. Corporate bonds from reputable companies, such as Gazprom or ...

... difficult for it to justify such a cost (which threatens to “dilute” the share in subsequent rounds). On the other hand, a too low valuation may indicate problems or a desperate situation for the founders. Compare the terms with similar deals on the market,... ... to provide additional obligations in addition to money (for example, mentoring, time), do the founders plan further rounds. Risks and legal aspects. Identify potential risks: technological (will the product not work at scale, will it become obsolete),...

... Построение опционных стратегий Traders can combine different options to create complex strategies to manage risk and profit in certain market conditions. Spreads: Spreads are a combination of options of the same type (Call or Put) with ... ... strategy allows you to limit losses by sacrificing some of your potential profit. Example: A trader buys a Call option with a low strike price and sells a Call option with a higher strike price, reducing the overall cost of the strategy. Straddles: A straddle ...

... generation over six months was about 600 billion kWh, which is 1.9% less than a year earlier. The main reason for the drop is the low water year, which significantly reduced hydropower generation. HPPs: ~98 billion kWh (−12% compared to the first half of ... ... signals of upcoming changes: Oil Market: remains relatively stable due to producer coordination, yet it is sensitive to economic risks. European Gas Market: approaches winter with record stocks, decreasing fears of sharp price spikes. Russian Fuel Market: ...

... reporting): The current profit tax for H1 2025 was charged at a negligible amount (around 6.9 billion rubles in expenses)—expectedly low, as taxable profit is minimal. In 2024, the current tax was practically zero due to substantial losses. The main contribution ... ... pipeline sales. Financial factors. Volatile items will still impact financial results. The ruble exchange rate remains a key risk: continued depreciation may, on one hand, increase ruble revenues (a plus for operating profit), but on the other, could ...