... other words, an established public company issues new shares or sells additional shareholder packages to a broad range of investors. The principles of trading remain public: transactions are conducted on an organized market, and the offering process is regulated by law. In international practice, this operation is often referred to as a Secondary Public Offering or follow-on offering; in Russia, it is occasionally called “additional (authorized) offering” of shares. The main difference between an ...

... and the EUR/USD pair rose into the $1.20 range. Meanwhile, inflation in the US continues to slow (the core consumer price index in June fell to ~3.3% y/y), giving the Fed more room to maneuver. Collectively, these factors support expectations that the regulator will shift its focus from combating inflation to stimulating the economy. US stocks remain overall in positive territory for the month, but volatility has increased. Sectors sensitive to the economic cycle (such as industrials and commodities) ...

... article discusses changes in the rules of priority for transporting oil and coal in 2025. Starting from January 1, coal and oil will be moved in the sixth priority queue, which could impact the efficiency of their transportation. However, if the new regulations are strictly followed, the industry does not expect significant problems. The potential impact of falling coal prices on profitability, as well as the modernization of rail transportation, are also raised as important topics. According to ...

... investors. Reasons for Declining Deal Activity Experts associate the decline in M&A with a set of fundamental factors. Firstly, the tightening of regulatory barriers has significantly complicated the exit of non-residents from Russian business: the regulations introduced at the end of 2024 entail hefty fines and additional payments to the budget, totaling up to 95% of the asset value, effectively blocking most transactions involving foreign capital. Secondly, high financing costs diminish project ...

... existence of such focal points is critical: the concentration of specialists, mentors, and investors in one place significantly enhances a startup's chances of becoming a unicorn. Tax and Legal Environment for Technology Companies Tax conditions and regulations largely define how easily a startup can grow into a large company. A favorable legal environment includes ease of business registration, protection of intellectual property rights, flexibility in labor legislation, and the availability of ...