... received dividends. Russian organizations: 13% profit tax on received dividends. (A 0% rate applies if, at the time of the decision, the owner company has continuously held at least 50% of the capital of the company paying dividends for at least a year.) Foreign organizations: 15%. Reduced rates may apply under double tax treaties (if there is a valid agreement between the Russian Federation and the non-resident's state). The withheld tax is remitted by the company to the budget. How to Report Payments ...

... individuals — starting from 100,000 rubles; for companies — starting from 700,000 rubles). At the same time, the Russian regulator is promoting the implementation of a digital ruble (CBDC) and discussing limited use of private cryptocurrencies in foreign trade transactions, reflecting a cautious but step-by-step approach towards the industry. Other CIS countries also demonstrate a balance: authorities are keen to develop blockchain technologies while simultaneously controlling the circulation ...

... influenced by international practices and local market conditions (sanctions, devaluation, and a tight monetary policy). Technological companies, manufacturers, and others are beginning to use pre-IPO as a development tool, mirroring the experiences of their foreign counterparts. Stages and Mechanisms of Investing in Pre-IPO Investing in pre-IPO begins with the search for interesting companies on private platforms or through brokers dealing with closed placements. Access to such transactions is available ...

... promising projects from Russia and neighboring countries to make their mark. The main recipe for success for such teams in 2025 is to enhance innovation, build clear business models, and be prepared to operate in international markets. Only then will both foreign funds, resuming activity, and local investors seeking the "new Yandex" take notice of them. Trends and Forecasts: Cautious Optimism By mid-2025, the venture market is demonstrating a robust recovery following the downturn of previous ...