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What are natural monopolies?

... transport Russian Railways (RZhD) is another example of a natural monopoly. Russia's railway infrastructure is one of the longest in the world and plays a key role in the country's economy, transporting goods and passengers over significant distances. The construction and maintenance of parallel rail networks would be very expensive for the country, so activities in this area are monopolized. Russian Railways is regulated by the state, which controls tariffs and service standards in order to ensure that ...

Gas Supply Risks for Europe This Winter

... preparations. EU's Response to Stabilize the Situation 1. Expanding LNG Imports To reduce dependency on Russian gas, EU countries are ramping up LNG imports from the U.S., Qatar, and other major producers. Over recent years, countries such as Germany have constructed LNG terminals, facilitating a more diversified supply chain. However, even with increased LNG imports, there remains a risk of shortages should Europe face a particularly harsh winter. 2. Strengthening Partnerships with Norway and Other European ...

ATI.SU: "Cheaper in Bulk: How to Buy Gasoline and Diesel Fuel on the Marketplace"

... the Marketplace Solve for Buyers? The key advantage of the marketplace is the reduction of intermediaries between the buyer and seller. For businesses consuming large volumes of fuel, it is inconvenient to buy it at gas stations. For example, construction machinery cannot be refueled using a fuel pump. Such companies prefer to order from wholesale suppliers with delivery to their production sites. Some may require special types of petroleum products only available from oil traders. To ...

Can the EU Replace Russian LNG with American? Realities, Benefits, and Risks for the European Market

... Limitations: While Europe has expanded its LNG capacity, it is still heavily reliant on pipeline gas and has limitations in its processing and reception facilities. To significantly increase U.S. imports, Europe would require major upgrades and new terminal constructions. Cost Considerations: U.S. LNG tends to be more expensive due to higher liquefaction and transatlantic transportation costs. For European consumers, this means increased gas prices. In 2023, U.S. LNG prices in Europe averaged 15-20% higher ...

How to Select Stocks for Your Investment Portfolio as a Beginner

... extended period and acquired sufficient knowledge, as well as a clear understanding of potential pitfalls. This is a kind of investment portfolio compiled by top-notch brokers with strong analytical skills or independent specialists. The portfolio is constructed based on specific parameters, taking into account potential risks and expected returns. The brokers include shares of leading domestic companies with growth prospects. They closely monitor all market fluctuations. Recommendations regarding ...