... a company to the stock exchange, while an SPO occurs only after the securities are already in circulation. Depending on the situation, the second offering can involve both the issuance of new shares (additional issuance) to raise capital and the public ... ... financial reporting standards were adopted, and investor interest in public companies grew. However, after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, activity in the IPO and SPO markets declined. In the following years, moderate growth in the number of secondary ...

... surpass hundreds of billions, they will become a significant segment of international dollar liquidity. Central banks will not overlook this. By 2025–2026, we may see coordination between certain central banks and major stablecoin issuers, especially in crisis situations, to maintain stability (similar to past experiences with mega-money market funds). Such a scenario would have sounded fantastical several years ago, but the scale that stablecoins have reached makes this realistic. For investors, this signals ...

... repairs —the relevant authority is “manually” monitoring maintenance schedules at oil refineries. The goal is to avoid situations where too many capacities are offline simultaneously and to ensure even distribution of repairs without compromising ... ... prompt reduction in gasoline and diesel prices domestically. The government, in turn, signals that it will not allow a fuel crisis: additional tools, such as subsidizing fuel transportation to remote regions or temporarily reducing excise taxes, may ...

... diversify gas sources and reduce dependence on Russia, but how realistic is it to do so? Let's figure out what opportunities and risks this idea hides and how replacing Russian LNG with American LNG will affect the European market and investors. The current situation with LNG consumption in Europe Europe is actively increasing its LNG consumption, especially after the 2022 energy crisis caused by the restriction of Russian gas supplies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2023, LNG import volumes to Europe exceeded 140 billion cubic meters, with more than 20% of these supplies coming from Russia. Europe's technical ...

... the highest peak since September of last year, while AI-92 hit 63,199 rubles per ton, the maximum since the onset of the fuel crisis in August 2023. At the gas stations, however, all remains calm; prices are rising moderately but lag significantly behind ... ... problems in Russia (in delivering fuel to regions), no issues with heightened demand, and no shortages of gasoline and DF. The situation regarding fuel for the summer is very positive. He suggested that attempts to explain the current movements in the exchange ...