... processing of agricultural products are exempt from value-added tax, transportation fees, and property tax. Subsidies. In addition to tax breaks, agricultural business owners can qualify for government support, such as preferential loan conditions and compensation. The government may also cover part of certain loans. Support for domestic producers. When exporting agricultural products, minimal tariffs are imposed, and in some cases, none at all. Meanwhile, a tariff of 40-60% is applied to imported ...

... of shortages, according to Tereshkin. Changes in tax legislation could also influence fuel price dynamics in the domestic market. For example, at the end of 2024, the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service (FAS) proposed separating the dampener payments (compensation to oil companies from the state budget for part of the lost export revenue for supplying fuel to the domestic market at low prices) for AI-92 and AI-95 gasoline. Currently, the dampener is calculated only for AI-92 based on exchange trading ...

... half of its production. Energy expert Kirill Rodionov points out that AI-95 gasoline is excluded from damper payment calculations, unlike AI-92 and summer diesel. This absence discourages producers from restraining AI-95 price growth. The damper compensates oil companies for deviations between state-set benchmark prices and export prices within a margin of 10% for gasoline and 20% for diesel. The benchmark for gasoline is based on AI-92 prices (64,515 rubles per ton). Policy Recommendations ...

... Thus, all profits may be forfeited. When holding gold in an unallocated metal account, there is a risk of losing the investment if the bank unexpectedly ceases operations. Such accounts are not covered by deposit insurance, meaning the state will not compensate for lost money or the metal itself. It is advisable to store gold in a bank safe deposit box to prevent theft. Choose a reputable bank with strong security measures that assumes all related risks. Buying gold or precious jewelry from unlicensed ...

... Reality? Fixed-Income Debt Instruments In a high inflation environment, fixed-income instruments become more attractive. Investment-grade bonds, especially corporate ones, offer stability to investors. Emerging markets provide bonds with higher yields, compensating for increased risks. Infrastructure Projects Infrastructure investments are becoming a crucial focus for long-term planning. They provide stable income while also acting as a hedge against inflation. Particular interest lies in renewable ...