... significantly. Therefore, he believes it is more accurate to talk about stabilization rather than a price decrease. There are no systemic factors indicating a return to rising fuel prices at the moment, according to Kotov. Kaufman suggests that wholesale ... ... the end of the year, but a price surge may occur in early 2025 due to the lifting of the export embargo and the annual excise tax increase. Fuel prices at gas stations will continue to rise slowly, following inflation, according to Kotov. He believes ...

... production is exported. However, most Russian refineries are owned by vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs), which can distribute costs across segments, shifting them from refining to more profitable activities like extraction. Additionally, Russia's tax system supports domestic refiners by compensating part of their expenses for modernization, investments in refining, and fuel supply to the domestic market. This shields Russia somewhat from global trends but intensifies competition for market share. ...

... authorities may impose additional rules as the market evolves. Vigilant oversight is needed to prevent manipulation and protect investors, and any surprise regulatory tightening — such as stricter bank capital requirements for crypto or unfavorable tax changes — could slow the pace of adoption. Meanwhile, global regulators’ attitudes vary; how other major economies approach crypto will influence how smoothly Bitcoin integrates into the traditional financial system. Macroeconomic conditions add another layer of uncertainty. If 2025 brings economic turbulence or shifts in interest rates, risk assets like Bitcoin could face headwinds. For example, rising rates or a strong dollar might temporarily reduce appetite ...

... requirements as the market evolves. Close regulatory oversight is necessary to prevent manipulation and protect investors, and any sudden tightening of regulations—such as increased capital requirements for banks dealing with crypto assets or unfavorable tax changes—could slow the influx of institutional capital. The regulatory stance varies across countries, and how other major economies approach cryptocurrencies will influence the smooth integration of Bitcoin into the traditional financial system. Macroeconomic conditions add another layer of uncertainty. If the global economy faces turmoil or sharp interest rate hikes in 2025, risk assets like Bitcoin may encounter headwinds. For example, rising rates or a strengthening dollar could temporarily ...

... attracted a record €290 million in the first half of 2025, while American projects lead in mega rounds (e.g., Commonwealth Fusion Systems raised ~$1 billion). Additionally, significant capital is drawn towards biotech and medtech, while cybersecurity remains ... ... projects with proven models, while the government expands support through the development of IT education, accelerators, and tax incentives. Local startups, for their part, are striving to enter global value chains, drawing on strong competencies in AI,...