... for "unfriendly" countries. “Russia is making a significant gesture to Europeans to prevent a halt in gas supplies from December 20. Unlike the US, which is cornering the Europeans economically, the US is well aware that payments for pipeline gas are routed through Gazprombank, and at present, there is no alternative method for payment. Meanwhile, the US is deliberately cutting off Russian gas supplies not from March 1 or April 1, 2025, when the heating season ends, but from December ...

... help reduce overall demand, easing the strain on existing resources and lowering costs for consumers. Strengthening European Energy Infrastructure To support energy security, Europe could enhance its internal energy infrastructure, such as cross-border pipelines and transmission networks. These improvements would enable more efficient sharing of resources between EU member states and allow Europe to maximize existing domestic energy capacities. Additionally, upgrading storage facilities could help mitigate ...

... accompanied by disputes, conflicts, and gas wars. Although Ukraine formally ceased importing Russian gas in 2015, it continued to purchase Russian-origin gas via a scheme known as virtual reverse flow. Physical gas from Russia entered Ukraine through transit pipelines and remained within the country, but on paper, Kyiv was purchasing it from European firms. This arrangement persisted until January 1, 2025, when Russian gas transit through Ukraine ceased altogether. Now, Ukraine is compelled to purchase gas ...

... the levels seen in 2024, according to the consulting firm's review. As Vice Premier Alexander Novak previously stated, last year the figure was 240 million tons. Tamara Safonova concurs with her colleagues' forecast. According to her, oil exports (via pipeline and maritime transport) might reach 235-245 million tons by the end of 2025, factoring in a trend of declining exports in the first half of the year and the expectation of gradual increases in the second half. However, as indicated in the Kasatkin ...

... the Atlantic, gas prices remain significantly lower: in the US, prices hover around $2.8 per million BTUs (approximately $100 per thousand cubic meters) due to record production and market saturation. Overall, high stock levels and stable gas inflows (pipeline and LNG) sustain relative calm in the global gas market. International Politics: The Alaska Summit and Sanction Prospects On August 15, during a visit to Alaska, a meeting between the presidents of Russia and the US will take place. It is expected ...