... where it must completely rethink its business strategy. The exit from the European pipeline gas market, driven by political and economic reasons, has left a deep mark but has simultaneously opened new avenues for development. For investors and traders, it ... ... What Does This Mean for Investors and Traders? For investors, this is a signal of potential changes in gas transit routes and related risks for the energy stability of the region. Traders should consider the impact of these negotiations on gas prices in ...

... later). These risks are directly related to the value fluctuations of your investments: in unfavorable market conditions, securities may depreciate, companies may lose profits, which affects your income. Non-market risks, in contrast, are not directly related to price movements in the market. They arise from external circumstances, such as economic, political, and other factors. Non-market risks may include economic factors (economic crises, inflation, interest rate changes), political factors (government instability, legal changes, sanctions), and various force majeure events (such as ...

... period is characterized, in general, by growth interrupted by short-term corrections. The dynamics were influenced by both global economic processes and internal factors, including oil prices and political stability. 2008-2009: the global financial crisis ... ... sharp drop in the index, reflecting the negative impact on the Russian economy. Recovery was gradual. 2010-2014: a period of relative stabilization and growth, largely due to high oil prices and increased investment. 2014-2016: geopolitical tensions and ...

... solid financial history. In recent years, interest in pre-IPO investments has surged globally, with many tech companies and successful startups securing funding in the final stages of their development before going public. In Russia, this mechanism is relatively new but gaining significance. Against the backdrop of low activity in traditional IPOs, especially amid economic instability and high key interest rates, pre-IPO is becoming an alternative means of raising capital for growth. This article will explore the history and evolution of the pre-IPO market, the main stages and investment mechanisms, as well as ...

... issue of further production increases cautiously. Demand for oil traditionally decreases in the fall, especially considering the economic slowdown in Europe and China, so some analysts expect that OPEC+ may pause in October-December and not immediately expand ... ... 60-80% mark in their storage filling, instilling confidence in energy supply stability for the winter. The situation is eased by relatively mild summer weather and consistently high supplies of LNG from various global regions. Against the backdrop of sanctions ...