... application of the investment surcharge on reverse excise duty for oil until January 1, 2033, Tereshkin believes that this measure will support the industry. The investment surcharge is intended for oil refineries (ORFs) whose production of petroleum products accounts for less than 75% of the volume of primary oil processing but who invest in modernizing the refineries. In the first half of 2024, the investment surcharge accounted for 6% of subsidies to refineries, including the damping and reverse excise (105.8 billion rubles out of 1899 billion rubles). The problem is that sanctions on ...

... and investment surcharge for January-November 2024 reached 3.36 trillion rubles, surpassing the 2023 level by 15%. While the damper is aimed at curbing gasoline and diesel prices, the other two types of subsidies are tied to the level of refinery modernization: The reverse excise tax is intended for refineries where the output of oil products is at least 75% of the volume of crude oil processed. Refineries with a ratio below 75% can receive the investment surcharge if the operating company, under an agreement with the regulator, commits to modernizing its facilities. According ...

... entrepreneurs! These people, and I am proud to count myself among them, are the driving force behind a revolution that transforms and revamps economies around the world, as well as creates new jobs. Entrepreneurial activity is at the heart of a developing and modern state, since the birth of new companies gives the market economy its viability. New and emerging companies create a large share of innovative products that change our lifestyles and working conditions. In this article, we will talk about business development, how to start a small business in Russia, what difficulties and problems we will face. Remember even how it was necessary to go out on ...

... shows divergent trends across major commodity groups. Crude oil volumes amounted to 87.6 million tons (−5.3%), while petroleum products reached 42.9 million tons (−5.2%), indicating moderate decline in the energy segment. In contrast, coal handling increased ... ... creates additional risks for the profitability of port infrastructure. While some capacities remain underutilized (allowing for modernization and maintenance), decreasing throughput complicates the return on investment for capital-intensive projects. Enhancing ...

... lead to disappointment, as investors may not receive the expected returns or may even be unable to recover their funds. Many modern individuals prefer investing their money in promising projects instead of keeping it in the bank. However, such investments ... ... update the business. Conversely, if a firm distributes all its profits to investors for several years without reinvesting in production, this raises a red flag regarding poor management. Such a company is destined for bankruptcy. Volatility of Financial ...