... in the Russian market occurred in the mid to late 2000s. During this period, the transparency of companies improved, international financial reporting standards were adopted, and investor interest in public companies grew. However, after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, activity in the IPO and SPO markets declined. In the following years, moderate growth in the number of secondary offerings has been observed with the stabilization of the economy. Some stimulus also came from the increase in local ...

... contracts. Understanding which countries are armed with nuclear weapons and to what extent helps to objectively evaluate possible crisis scenarios. In recent decades, nuclear weapons have remained an instrument of deterrence rather than war—and markets assume ... ... concern of only political scientists. It becomes part of the broader risk landscape that must be considered by participants in financial markets and international business.

... start to take out loans actively, often under less favorable conditions, without considering future risks and the possibility of servicing debts. This process creates increased pressure on the country's financial system and raises the likelihood of a financial crisis if companies or citizens fail to meet their debt obligations on time. Credit Overheating and the Current Situation in Russia Currently, the Central Bank of Russia is observing signs of credit overheating in the corporate lending market. As reported ...

... and economic security. The statement emphasized that U.S. and EU criticism of India is unwarranted: at the beginning of the crisis, Western countries themselves encouraged India to purchase Russian oil to stabilize the global market, and now condemn ... ... threat of new trade barriers (such as the aforementioned U.S. tariffs) — intensify concerns about global economic growth. Some financial institutions are revising forecasts: several investment banks predict an average Brent price in Q4 2025 at around mid-$60,...

... growth. Global Imbalances Rising public debt: Many countries continue to borrow to support their economies, creating risks for financial system stability. Trade balance deficits: Major import-oriented economies, such as the United States, remain vulnerable ... ... strong despite global diversification of reserves towards other currencies. Europe The Eurozone faces risks due to the energy crisis and geopolitical instability. Inflation growth rates are decreasing but remain above normal levels. China The Chinese economy ...