... such as institutional investors, venture funds, and accredited private investors. The share price at this stage is typically lower than the anticipated public offering price, making participation in Pre-IPO potentially more profitable, yet riskier. Key features of Pre-IPO: Shares are available to a limited circle of investors. A lower valuation of the company compared to the expected IPO value. Lower liquidity of shares, as they are not traded on public markets. The potential for higher returns through ...

... private investors because it promises high returns, especially if the company shows growth after the placement of shares. However, pre-IPO is a high-risk investment format. In Russia, this market is only developing, so it is important to understand its features, potential risks and ways to minimize them. In this article, we will consider the key risks, popular platforms and examples of successful pre-IPO projects. The risk of insufficient transparency of financial statements Companies at the pre-IPO ...

... Solar Power Plant with Two Towers and 30,000 Mirrors Built in China. The Plant in Gansu Province Produces 1.8 Billion kWh Annually and Reduces CO₂ Emissions by 1.53 Million Tons. China has completed the construction of an innovative solar power plant featuring two towers and a field of 30,000 mirrors, located in the desert region of Gansu in the northwest of the country. This new facility is capable of generating up to 1.8 billion kWh of electricity per year—enough to supply power to approximately ...

... but differ in their objectives and teams. XRP promotes solutions for banking transfers and has a long-standing presence in the financial sector; however, its performance primarily depends on the favorable outcome of regulatory disputes. Solana (SOL) features a high-throughput blockchain actively used in DeFi and NFTs. Technologically, it can process thousands of transactions per second, attracting developers and institutional partners, but past network outages underscore associated risks. Cardano ...

... capital"—a set of resources that make a person attractive to others. According to sociologist Catherine Hakim, attractiveness includes several components. Here are the primary elements of this “capital”: Physical beauty: natural appearance—facial features, body shape, skin health, symmetry, etc. Social appeal: communication skills—friendliness, openness, empathy, the ability to elicit sympathy. Sexual attractiveness: charm and charisma, the ability to highlight one’s physical or intellectual ...