... pre-IPO is usually no more than 1-3 years, as companies plan for a near-term IPO. Investors do not have to wait decades—as is common in early venture capital—simply waiting for a listing or another liquidity event. Participation in an established business. Pre-IPO offers a chance to "join" an already successful project: the company has increased its market share and may be generating profits. This aligns with the strategy of "buying income-generating assets" at a stage close to going public. Portfolio diversification. Investments in pre-IPO typically have low correlation with public stock and bond markets, making this asset class capable of improving the overall risk-return ...

... neighboring countries, steps are being taken to develop their own startup ecosystems with an eye on global trends. The state and businesses are launching new funds and support programs to stimulate technological projects in the region. At the St. Petersburg ... ... support AI startups in Central Asia. In July 2025, rules for foreign investors in Russia were relaxed: they are now allowed to buy stakes in domestic companies and freely withdraw capital. This should invigorate the influx of foreign capital and integrate ...

... the key rate, the opposite happens: Increase in consumer demand: loans become cheaper, which encourages people to borrow to buy things. This increases spending, increases demand for goods and services, which can accelerate inflation. Reduce the attractiveness ... ... savings, which motivates people to save less and spend more, supporting consumption. Increase in investment: it is cheaper for businesses to borrow to invest in expansion, production, and new projects. This stimulates economic activity and creates more ...

... actively invests his own funds and has achieved considerable success in this area. More relevant information about him and his business activities can be found on the web project pages: sergeytereshkin.ru (сергейтерешкин.ру). Investment ... ... necessary data is provided comprehensively by the broker. Individuals understand when it's best to sell stocks and when they can buy. The key is to regularly check their personal account and study incoming information. Accuracy. The system is meticulously ...

... important to conduct a marketing campaign that will attract investor interest in the shares being offered. Underwriters organize "road shows" - a series of meetings with potential investors, during which the company's management talks about its business, prospects, and development plans. This helps create demand for shares and attract attention to the company. 3. Underwriting Underwriters can provide the company with a placement guarantee, which means an obligation to buy back some of the shares if they are not sold to investors. This reduces the risks for the company, as it allows raising the planned amount of funds even in the case of low demand for shares. In such cases, underwriters can resell the repurchased shares ...