... for entire regions. The energy sectors enter the second half of 2025 in a state of relative balance but with evident signals of forthcoming changes: Oil Market: remains relatively stable due to producer coordination but is sensitive to economic risks. European Gas Market: approaches winter with record reserves, reducing concerns over sharp price spikes. Russian Fuel Market: is increasingly tightly regulated by the government; such "manual" interventions are likely to become the norm in the near future ...

... a weaker euro (which enhances the export potential of German companies) and lessened concerns about US tariffs. Indices in France and Italy grew more modestly as local investors assessed the risks of a slowdown in the Chinese economy—a significant market for European luxury goods and industrial equipment. In the UK, the FTSE 100 also ended the week with slight growth; sentiment was influenced by expectations of the Bank of England’s decision: next week the regulator may raise rates again from the current ...

... sector displays moderate growth and signs of stabilization. Oil prices continue to rise, with Brent briefly exceeding the $72 per barrel mark for the first time since late June, driven by persisting geopolitical risks and strong seasonal demand. The European gas market maintains relative stability, thanks to active filling of underground storage facilities ahead of winter. Simultaneously, regulators and market participants are taking steps to maintain balance: the OPEC+ alliance is preparing to increase oil production ...

... Fairer System of Damper Payments for Oil Product Manufacturers (RBC Companies). Sergey Tereshkin's article addresses issues related to improving the efficiency of the damper mechanism for the oil industry. He examines problems associated with using European market quotations for calculating subsidies, despite the embargo and export restrictions. The author suggests tying payments to domestic fuel prices, which would allow for a more accurate reflection of the current economic situation and eliminate uncertainties ...

... management: The possibility of early exercise helps minimize losses in the event of unfavorable price changes. Speculative potential: American options are suitable for active trading, since they provide the ability to quickly react to changes in the market situation. Disadvantages of American options High premium cost: Due to flexibility, the price of such options is higher than that of European analogues. Complexity of management: It is more difficult for sellers to predict when the buyer will exercise their right, which increases uncertainty. Examples of American Options Applications Investing in stocks: An investor buys a Call option ...